MEDIEVAL HISTORY OUTLINE: INDIA AND CHINA
Section 1: Golden Ages of China
I. Introduction
-In spite of its name, the ________________________was not a __________________. It was a long _____________ of connecting __________________ across Central __________. These routes stretched about _____________ miles, all the way from __________ to the eastern _______________________________.
-For centuries, ______________, ______________, and __________ carried traders and their _________________ along the __________. Most of the goods they carried were __________________________. One—a beautiful, ___________________ called ____________—was so important that it gave the ________________________________.
II. The Tang Dynasty
-China covers much of _______________________. It is an immense land with a _________________________.
-In the east are __________________ and ____________________. Fertile valleys lie along the _______________ and ______________ rivers.
-To the north and west of these ______________________ are great _______________ and ___________________ regions, including the _______________________ in the north and the ________________ _______________________in the west.
-Under the Tang, the land under _____________________________ stretched westward into ________________________. Peoples from these distant ________________ and _________________ traveling along the _________________ introduced ___________________—as well as new ______________—to China.
-In return, the Chinese traded their __________________________
_______________________. Chinese _________________ and ______________________ also spread to other nations. Such exchanges helped China become an __________________________ of ______________________________.
-Throughout its long history, China has been ______________ by many different _____________________. For example, the _______ dynasty ruled China from ________________________________.
-After the collapse of the __________________, China broke up into several kingdoms, but Chinese ________________________. _____________________ spread throughout China, and the ________________ and ________________ continued to develop.
-In 581, the ____________ dynasty came to power. The _________ ruled only until ______________, but they united the north and south of China for the first time in _____________.
-In 618, the _________ dynasty was _____________. The Tang came to ____________ and ruled _____________ for almost _____
______________________. The _________________ dynasty was a _____________ age of ____________________________________.
-Under ____________ rule, China grew in both _____________ and ____________________. Its capital, _________________, was the world’s _______________________ at that time. Historians estimate that it was home to _____________________________________.
-___________ leaders continued ____________ that had been started under the __________. One of the largest of these projects was the _______________________________________.
-The __________________ was a waterway that linked the _______ River and the _____________ River. At more than __________ miles long, it is still the _________________________________________.
-The _____________ helped join _________________ and ______________ China and made it possible __________________ the capital with ___________________________________ grown in the south.
-The greatest ruler of the ______________ dynasty was __________ _____________. He began his ______________ career at the age of ______ and helped his father establish the ____________________.
-During his rule, from _______ to ______, he was not only a successful ____________, but also a ____________ and ______________. In addition, __________________ was a master of ___________________, the art of beautiful _________________.
-Later in his reign, _________________ grew tired of ________. He had been studying the ____________________________________. _________________ wanted to bring _____________ and ________ to China. To _____________ this kind of society, ________________ said, all people must treat __________________________________.
-_______________ began to reform the ______________________ according to _________________________. The Tang government hired ________________ trained in ________________________. It also began _______________________, giving more ____________ to the ___________________ who _______________________.
III. The Song Dynasty
-After _______, China’s control of its _________________________ lands ______________. Then fighting among __________________ groups within China ended _________________________________. Order was restored about ______________ later by the __________, the dynasty that ruled _____________ from ___________________.
-At the beginning of the _____________ dynasty, the Chinese capital was located at _____________, along the _____________________. After the _______________ lost control of _____________________, they moved the capital to ______________________, near the coast.
-The ___________ rulers made many advances in ______________. They expanded the _____________________ of hiring government officials. Under this system, ________________ had to ___________ and ____________________________________________________.
-Before the Song, officials came from _________________________. They were ______________ to keep their positions for ___________ even if they __________________________________. Hiring people based on their ________________, rather than on their __________ or _____________________, greatly improved the ______________
____________________________.
-During the Song dynasty, new strains of ____________ and better ____________________ helped peasants grow _______________. These two improvements allowed farmers to __________________
_________________________ of one. Food ___________________ meant that more people could follow other __________________ or ______________________________.
-Chinese rulers supported many different forms of __________, including ___________________. Some rulers also prized graceful _________________, such as those made from _______________, a _____________ and very hard type of ______________________.
-Because it was first made in China, ______________ is often called _____________. Because the Chinese produced the __________________ in the world, it became an important _________________________________.
-Another item of great _____________ and _____________ was silk. Silk comes from the __________________________________ called _______________________. For a long time, only the Chinese knew _____________________ silk. Even after others ________________ the method, __________________ silk was still the _____________
______________________________________________.
-One of the _____________________ inventions was a new way to _____________________. For centuries, the Chinese had ________ the characters of __________________ onto a _________________. They brushed __________ over the __________________ and laid a piece of ______________ on it to ______________________.
-Printers could make ______________________________ of a book using these _______________, but __________________ the block for each page took ___________________. Around 1045, ________ developed a _________________________ that used ___________
________________________. He made many separate ___________ out of ________________ and rearranged them to make _________.
-During the ______________ dynasty, books became ____________
________________. In earlier times, only the ______________ could _______________. With more people able to __________________, the ______________ and ______________ of books _________________. More people, including __________________, learned to ________________ and __________________.
-They helped to spread ________________________________.
-This Song saying _______________ the new importance of books: “To enrich your ______________, no need to buy ______________. Books hold a thousand __________________ of _______________. For an ___________ life, no need to _______________________: In _______________________________________________________.”
Section 2: The Great Mughal Empire in India
I. Introduction
-Even before ___________ invaded India, people there had heard of this ___________________. He had destroyed entire ________ and their _________________ in other parts of ______________.
-In 1398, he and his troops marched into northern ____________, in search of _________________. They ruined _______________
and quickly captured ______________, the capital city.
-____________ and his troops killed many ___________ and took _________________. They also carried away great __________—___________, golden __________, __________, and _________________________________.
-For a brief time, ____________ became part of the huge empire that __________ controlled from his capital, _______________. But _____________ was more interested in __________________ than in governing those _____________________________.
-Not long after the _______________ invaded _____________, they departed. Once again, a _______________, or Muslim ruler, took control ____________________. But ____________ did not regain its command over the _________________.
II. India’s Geography
-The triangular _____________________________ forms the southernmost part of ____________________. A mountain range called the ________________ stretches across the ___________ of India. Although these _______________ have helped to isolate India from ____________________________, the passes through the _________________ have allowed some ________________ from the north to enter __________________________________.
-To the west of India is the _____________, and to the east is the _________________________.
-A large _____________ lies to the south of the ______________. It is dominated by ______________ systems, including the _____ and _____________ rivers. These rivers are fed by ___________
_________________________, and much of the land here is well ___________________________________________.
-Farther to the south are _____________ and _______________.
III. The Delhi Sultanate
-The Mongols led by ____________ were not the first people to invade ___________. Long before they came, _____________
_______________ had tempted others.
-Muslim ____________ began raiding the ________________ around A.D. 1000. From _______ to _______, a series of _______ controlled northern ____________ as well as parts of present-day _________________ and _________________.
-This period of India’s history is called the __________________—after the capital city, ____________.
-At the time of the ________________ invasion, the region was experiencing a ______________ of the ancient ______________. This revival had begun about _____________.
-Hindus accept many ___________, but they believe that all of these gods are just ________________ of one _______________. Hindus also believe that _____________________ are part of the _____________________________ of the universe.
-In _______ at this time, the _______________ system—a strict system of _________________—controlled everyday life. Castes determined a person’s _________________________________.
-At the top of the caste were ____________, _______________, and __________. Warriors were ______________. Then came ______________ and _____________. The fourth class included ___________________ and ____________________.
-Finally, there was a group of ___________, ________________ people who were called __________________________.
-The Muslims who controlled the ____________________ did not become part of __________________. Muslim culture is based on beliefs that are very ____________________________________.
-These differences caused _________________ between the two groups. In fact, religious ________________________ still divide the ____________ and ______________ who live in India today.
-In 1526, a ____________ prince named ____________ took advantage of the weakened _______________________. Babur was a ___________ descendant of the _____________ conqueror ____________. Even though _________________________ were outnumbered almost _____ to _______, they attacked the ___________________________________.
-The sultan’s forces had __________________ to help them fight. _____________ troops had none. But the Mongols had _______—and they were ____________________.
-The prince defeated the _____________ and went on to control the capital city, _________________. A new period of _________ _________________ would now begin.
IV. The Mughal Empire
-_________________ founded the celebrated _______________ Empire whose ___________ rulers controlled ________________ until the 1700s. ____________ is another word for ___________.
-About 25 years after ___________ death, the empire came under the control of ________________. His name was _________, and he would become the greatest _____________________ of India.
-When ____________ came to power, he was only ____________ old. He grew up to become a ______________________. Through _____________, ______________, and __________________, he greatly expanded the _______________ Empire.
-Akbar also encouraged the ______________. He set up studios for _______________________. He supported poets. Akbar also brought together _______________ from different ____________ for discussions. He consulted with ____________, ____________, _________________, and __________________.
-Although he was a _____________, Akbar gained the support of his _________________ through his policy of _______________. He allowed _________________ to practice their _____________, and he ended ____________________ that had been required of _____________________________________.
-Akbar created a strong __________________________, and he gave ____________________ to ___________________ people, whatever their religion or ___________________.
-These policies helped ______________ and _____________ live together more peacefully. They also strengthened ____________ __________________ in India.
-In 1605, when ___________ died, most of northern India was __________________. Akbar had ruled the __________________ for _____ years, earning himself the nickname “_____________.”
-During this long reign, his system ______________________ had become firmly ______________ in India. This system allowed the empire to continue _______________ and __________________ for the next __________ years—even under rulers who were less capable than _______________________________.
-More than 100 years after ________________ death, the ______ ______________________ began to fall apart. Akbar’s grandson, ____________________, became emperor in 1628. ___________ spent a fortune on ______________________________________.
-The most famous of these is the ___________________, a tomb for the emperor’s wife ___________________________________.
-When his wife died, __________________ was overcome with ______________. The two had been ___________________, and Jahan had asked his __________________ on many issues. After she died, Jahan set out to __________ a tomb “_____________
____________________________________________________.”
-Jahan’s son, ___________________, spent still more money on _______________________. He also reversed _______________ policies toward ________________. Aurangzeb tried to force Hindus to _____________________________________________, and he began to _______________________ again.
-As a result, many Hindus _____________, and fighting the rebels cost still ___________________. After __________________ died in 1707, the empire split _________________________________.
-But to this day, people from around the globe journey to see his _____________________—a lasting reminder of the once great ___________________________________.
REVIEW/ESSAY QUESTION
-The seven greatest accomplishments of the Song Dynasty were ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________