Current Root Word Topic:*

Root Words quizzes are on the first day of class after a test.

 

 

 

 

 The Working Cell*

endo = within, inner; cyto = cell (endocytosis: taking material into a cell)

exo = outside (exocytosis: eliminating some materials outside of a cell) 

hyper = excessive (hypertonic: in comparing two solutions, it refers to the one with the greater concentration of solutes)

hypo = lower (hypotonic: in comparing two solutions, it refers to the one with the lower concentration of solutes)

iso = same (isotonic: solutions with equal concentrations of solutes)

kinet = move (kinetic: type of energy, it is the energy of motion)

phago = eat (phagocytosis: cellular eating)

pino = drink (pinocytosis: cellular drinking)

tonus = tension (isotonic: solutions with equal concentrations of solutes)

 

A Tour of the Cell

chloro = green (chloroplast: the green organelle of photosynthesis)

chromo = color (chromosome: a threadlike, darkly staining structure packaging DNA in the nucleus)

cili = small hair (cilium: a short, hair-like cellular appendage with a microtubule core)

cyto = cell (cytoplasm: cell region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane)

endo = inner (endomembrane system: an internal system of membranous organelles)

eu = true (eukaryotic: cell type with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other organelles)

extra = outside (extracellular: the substance around animal cells)

flagell = whip (flagellum: a long, whiplike cellular appendage that moves cells)

micro = small (microtubule: microscopic tubular filaments contributing to the cytoskeleton)

plasm = molded (plasma membrane: the thin layer that sets a cell apart from its surroundings)

pro = before (prokaryotic: the first cells, lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other organelles)

reticul = network (endoplasmic reticulum: membranous network where proteins are produced)

trans = across (transport vesicles: membranous spheres that move materials across a cell)

vacu = empty (vacuole: sac that buds from the ER, Golgi apparatus, or plasma membrane)

 

The Molecules of Life

di = two; sacchar = sugar (disaccharide: two monosaccharides joined together)

glyco = sweet; gen = producing (glycogen: a polysaccharide sugar used to store energy)

hydro = water; lyse = break (hydrolysis: breaking chemical bonds by adding water)

iso = equal; meros = part (isomer: molecules with similar molecular formulas but different structures)

macro = big (macromolecules: a giant molecule in living organisms)

mono = single (monosaccharide: simplest type of sugar)

philic = loving (hydrophilic: water-loving property of a molecule)

phobos = fearing (hydrophobic: water-repelling property of a molecule)

poly = many (polymer: a chain made from smaller organic molecules)

sclero = hard (atherosclerosis: hardening of the arteries)

tri = three (triglyceride: a glycerol molecule joined with three fatty acid molecules)

 

Essential Chemistry for Biology

aqua = water (aqueous: a type of solution in which water is the solvent)

co = together; 

valent = strength (covalent bond: an attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons)

iso = equal (isotope: an element having the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons)

neutr = neither (neutron: a subatomic particle with a neutral electrical charge)

 

Introduction to Biology

hypo = below (hypothesis: a tentative explanation)